{"id":350,"date":"2020-06-26T14:24:49","date_gmt":"2020-06-26T13:24:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.cubaprivatetravel.com\/blog\/?p=350"},"modified":"2026-01-26T12:55:36","modified_gmt":"2026-01-26T16:55:36","slug":"is-cuban-rum-the-best-rum-in-the-world","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.cubaprivatetravel.com\/blog\/is-cuban-rum-the-best-rum-in-the-world\/","title":{"rendered":"Is Cuban Rum the best rum in the world ?"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"350\" class=\"elementor elementor-350\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7f4c7bfa elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7f4c7bfa\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4612bb3f\" data-id=\"4612bb3f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2fa69eb3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2fa69eb3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p>Cuban rum&#8217;s as well as Cuban tobacco, have been a key to the island&#8217;s national identity and pumped the blood of its economy for centuries.<\/p>\n\n<p>Rum connoisseurs worldwide agree that the best rums come from sugar-producing countries. Cuban rums, as the country, have as rich history. Bringing home a bottle or two of rum has become a rite of passage for travelers to the island. Though finding them may seem easy, and recommendations abound, there are ways to truly experience and learn the array available. We will be happy to assist!<\/p>\n\n<h2 id=\"h-what-about-cuban-rum-process\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">What about<strong> Cuban rum <\/strong>process?<\/h2>\n\n<p>Rum in Cuba is made from molasses, a by-product of sugar refining. Some producers in Central America make rum directly from sugar cane. Although expert agrees that the smokiness and rich flavor of rum that comes from molasses is unbeatable. When mixing molasses with water and yeast to ferment, then the resulting liquid distilled in copper-lined column stills. The final step is aging, and Cubans have mastered the art of using the most neutral barrel. For instance they can find and blending multiple rums, giving the Cuban rum its unique style.<\/p>\n\n<h2 id=\"h-a-bit-of-history\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>A bit of history<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n<p>In the 17<sup>th<\/sup> &#8211; 18<sup>th<\/sup> century, a triangular trade was established between Africa, the Caribbean, and the colonies. Due to the high demand for sugar in Europe and the institution of slavery in the new colonies to extensively supply workforce,to help support this need. The circular exchange of slaves, molasses, and rum was quite profitable. In the US, the trade disruption caused by the Sugar Act in 1764 may have even helped cause the American Revolution. Here is a curious fact, Rhode Island rum became so popular in the late 17<sup>th<\/sup> century. That it was accepted as currency in Europe for a while.<\/p>\n\n<h3 id=\"h-rum-in-cuba-then-and-now\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Rum in Cuba then and now<\/h3>\n\n<p>Sugarcane production began in Cuba in the early 16<sup>th<\/sup> century. The same tropical weather that makes travel to Cuba such an attraction caused sugar to become the first export during different periods in history. The original brew was not rum as we know it today, but &#8220;aguardiente&#8221; (literally translated as firewater). Cuban distilleries still produce aguardiente for sale, and it plays an important role in Afro Cuban religious practices and ceremonies.<\/p>\n\n<p>Some rum producing countries cannot produce enough molasses and must import. Certainly, Cuban rum most relevant characteristic is that only comes from Cuban molasses.<\/p>\n\n<p>The first developer of Cuban light rum was Facundo Bacardi. Bacardi is a well-known brand worldwide with a complicated history in and with Cuba. A large portion of their trademarks and operations were transferred out before the socialist government confiscated the company assets in the 1960s. For more information, read &#8220;Bacardi: The Hidden War&#8221; by Hernando Calvo Ospina.<\/p>\n\n<p>There are 13 rum distilleries in Cuba. Havana Club is the best known. Its parent company, CubaRon, went into partnership with Pernod Ricard in 1993, and the quality and international scope of the brand has since increased worldwide.<\/p>\n\n<h2 id=\"h-cuban-rum-brands\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Cuban rum brands<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n<p>The most remarkable brands are Havana Club, Santiago, Varadero, Vig\u00eda, Cubay, Legendario, and Mulata. Although there are other not so well known like Perla del Norte.<\/p>\n\n<p>All Cuban rums are aged 3 years. Several brands have moved on to 5, 7, and in some cases, 15, 20, and 25 years expressions.<\/p>\n\n<h3 id=\"h-best-of-brands\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Best of brands<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n<p>Though connoisseurs abound in this field.These are considered the top in terms of robust taste, aroma, and flavor.<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Havana Club A\u00f1ejo 7 a\u00f1os<\/li>\n\n<li>Havana Club Selecci\u00f3n de Maestros Triple Cask<\/li>\n\n<li>Santiago de Cuba A\u00f1ejo Superior 11 a\u00f1os<\/li>\n\n<li>Santiago de Cuba A\u00f1ejo 25 a\u00f1os<\/li>\n\n<li>Santero A\u00f1ejo 11 a\u00f1os<\/li>\n\n<li>Ron Cubay 10 a\u00f1os<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery aligncenter has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-3 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-id=\"351\" class=\"wp-image-351\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cubaprivatetravel.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/gallery-1476478427-havana-club-7-anos-665x1024.jpeg\" alt=\"rum anejo 7 anos\" \/>\n<figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>A\u00f1ejo 7 a\u00f1os<\/strong><\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"604\" height=\"1024\" data-id=\"352\" class=\"wp-image-352\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cubaprivatetravel.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/gallery-1476478482-havana-club-seleccion-de-maestro-0-604x1024.png\" alt=\"rum seleccion maestros\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.cubaprivatetravel.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/gallery-1476478482-havana-club-seleccion-de-maestro-0-604x1024.png 604w, https:\/\/www.cubaprivatetravel.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/gallery-1476478482-havana-club-seleccion-de-maestro-0-177x300.png 177w, https:\/\/www.cubaprivatetravel.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/gallery-1476478482-havana-club-seleccion-de-maestro-0.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 604px) 100vw, 604px\" \/>\n<figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>Seleccion de Maestros<\/strong><\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"768\" data-id=\"353\" class=\"wp-image-353\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cubaprivatetravel.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/rum-santiago-de-cuba-anejo-1492036214.jpg\" alt=\"rum santiago\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.cubaprivatetravel.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/rum-santiago-de-cuba-anejo-1492036214.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.cubaprivatetravel.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/rum-santiago-de-cuba-anejo-1492036214-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.cubaprivatetravel.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/rum-santiago-de-cuba-anejo-1492036214-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/>\n<figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>Santiago<\/strong><\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n<h2 id=\"h-cuban-rum-based-cocktails\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Cuban Rum-based Cocktails<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n<p>You have probably envisioned lying on a Cuban beach in the outskirts of Havana, or beautiful Varadero, with a daiquiri, a mojito, or a pi\u00f1a colada. Cuban rum-based cocktails are delicious, though mind you, you may have to request to hold the sugar or ask for sugar-free cocktails.<\/p>\n\n<p>Daiquiri, mojito, pi\u00f1a colada, Cuba Libre, and rum Collins are the best-known cocktails. Still, there are other delicious concoctions not so widely popular like saoco (coconut juice with aguardiente) and canch\u00e1nchara (a wonderful mix of honey, aguardiente, and lime juice). The latter being de rigueur in colonial Trinidad, though, has found its way to some bars in Havana and elsewhere.<\/p>\n\n<p>Cuba Private Travel keeps an updated list of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cubaprivatetravel.com\/blog\/best-bars-of-havana-my-hand-picked-selection-of-the-best-places-to-sip-a-cocktail-and-socialise-in-style\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">best bars in Cuba<\/a>, with amazing cocktails.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-4 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"640\" data-id=\"356\" class=\"wp-image-356\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cubaprivatetravel.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Classicdaiquiri-Cocktail-recipe-Havana-club.jpg\" alt=\"daiquiri cocktail\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.cubaprivatetravel.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Classicdaiquiri-Cocktail-recipe-Havana-club.jpg 640w, https:\/\/www.cubaprivatetravel.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Classicdaiquiri-Cocktail-recipe-Havana-club-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.cubaprivatetravel.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Classicdaiquiri-Cocktail-recipe-Havana-club-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/>\n<figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/havana-club.com\/en-ww\/rum\/cocktail-recipes\/classic-daiquiri\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong><span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-cyan-blue-color\">Classic Daiquiri<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"640\" data-id=\"357\" class=\"wp-image-357\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cubaprivatetravel.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Hemingwaydaiquiri-Cocktail-recipe-Havana-club.jpg\" alt=\"hemingway daiquiri\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.cubaprivatetravel.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Hemingwaydaiquiri-Cocktail-recipe-Havana-club.jpg 640w, https:\/\/www.cubaprivatetravel.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Hemingwaydaiquiri-Cocktail-recipe-Havana-club-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.cubaprivatetravel.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Hemingwaydaiquiri-Cocktail-recipe-Havana-club-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/>\n<figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/havana-club.com\/en-ww\/rum\/cocktail-recipes\/hemingway-daiquiri\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong><span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-cyan-blue-color\">Hemingway Daiquiri<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"549\" data-id=\"358\" class=\"wp-image-358\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cubaprivatetravel.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Mojito-Cocktail-recipe-Havana-club_0-1024x549.jpg\" alt=\"cuban mojito cocktail\" \/>\n<figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/havana-club.com\/en-ww\/rum\/cocktail-recipes\/mojito\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong><span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-cyan-blue-color\">Mojito<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"640\" data-id=\"359\" class=\"wp-image-359\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cubaprivatetravel.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Pinacolada-Cocktail-recipe-Havana-club.jpg\" alt=\"pina colada cocktail\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.cubaprivatetravel.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Pinacolada-Cocktail-recipe-Havana-club.jpg 640w, https:\/\/www.cubaprivatetravel.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Pinacolada-Cocktail-recipe-Havana-club-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.cubaprivatetravel.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Pinacolada-Cocktail-recipe-Havana-club-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/>\n<figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/havana-club.com\/en-ww\/rum\/cocktail-recipes\/pina-colada\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong><span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-cyan-blue-color\">Pi\u00f1a Colada<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"640\" data-id=\"360\" class=\"wp-image-360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cubaprivatetravel.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/1680x900-HC_Cuba_libre_NEW_Cola_27144_2.jpg\" alt=\"cuba libre cocktail\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.cubaprivatetravel.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/1680x900-HC_Cuba_libre_NEW_Cola_27144_2.jpg 640w, https:\/\/www.cubaprivatetravel.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/1680x900-HC_Cuba_libre_NEW_Cola_27144_2-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.cubaprivatetravel.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/1680x900-HC_Cuba_libre_NEW_Cola_27144_2-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/>\n<figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/havana-club.com\/en-ww\/rum\/cocktail-recipes\/cuba-libre\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong><span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-cyan-blue-color\">Cuba Libre<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"640\" data-id=\"361\" class=\"wp-image-361\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cubaprivatetravel.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Roncollins-Cocktail-recipe-Havana-club.jpg\" alt=\"ron collins cocktail\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.cubaprivatetravel.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Roncollins-Cocktail-recipe-Havana-club.jpg 640w, https:\/\/www.cubaprivatetravel.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Roncollins-Cocktail-recipe-Havana-club-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.cubaprivatetravel.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Roncollins-Cocktail-recipe-Havana-club-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/>\n<figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/havana-club.com\/en-ww\/rum\/cocktail-recipes\/ron-collins\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-cyan-blue-color\"><strong>Ron Collins<\/strong><\/span><\/a><\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"640\" data-id=\"369\" class=\"wp-image-369\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cubaprivatetravel.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Saoco-Cocktail-recipe-Havana-club.jpg\" alt=\"saoco cocktail\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.cubaprivatetravel.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Saoco-Cocktail-recipe-Havana-club.jpg 640w, https:\/\/www.cubaprivatetravel.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Saoco-Cocktail-recipe-Havana-club-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.cubaprivatetravel.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Saoco-Cocktail-recipe-Havana-club-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/>\n<figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/havana-club.com\/en-ww\/rum\/cocktail-recipes\/saoco\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong><span class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-cyan-blue-color\">Saoco<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n\n<figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-caption wp-element-caption\">Cuban cocktails<\/figcaption>\n<\/figure>\n\n<h2 id=\"h-where-to-find-them-legalities-for-us-travelers\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Where to find them\/Legalities for US travelers<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n<p>Rum is ever-present in Cuba. You can find it in most stores, hotels, the airport, and weirdly enough some times in a cosmetics store or a tiny newsstand. Prices tends to be the same across the board, as rum is a state companies\u00b4 product. BUT availability of best brands and best rums can be scarce. You will need a seasoned concierge or luxury travel agency to assist in locating them. Do not buy rum in the black market or from a well-meaning stranger offering a deal; these are probably counterfeit.<\/p>\n\n<p>For American travelers, the current legal import limit for Cuban rum is 2 liters. Cuban rum, in general, comes in 700 ml bottles, but some brands like A\u00f1ejo Reserva Especial have 1-liter versions.<\/p>\n\n<h2 id=\"h-safe-rum-tasting-cocktail-making-lessons-in-post-covid19-cuba\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Safe rum tasting\/cocktail making lessons in post COVID19 Cuba<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n<p>Cuba&#8217;s active screening, clinical management, and safety protocols have been exemplary, and the pandemic is now in the low single digits for confirmed cases. Health, hygiene and social distancing protocols are already in place.Hotels and all staff working in tourism are aware and applying the industry standards for this new post-COVID19.<\/p>\n\n<p>We offer private experiences in cocktail making, and rum-tasting, with experienced experts and all industry safety protocols. The rum-tasting experience is a trip through Cuban rum history. Covering the range from best known to most obscure, and we can be adress it to clients&#8217; preferences.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Cuban rum&#8217;s as well as Cuban tobacco, have been a key to the island&#8217;s national identity and pumped the blood of its economy for centuries. Rum connoisseurs worldwide agree that the best rums come from sugar-producing countries. Cuban rums, as the country, have as rich history. Bringing home a bottle or two of rum has become a rite of passage for travelers to the island. Though finding them may seem easy, and recommendations abound, there&hellip; <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13,21,2,1],"tags":[22],"class_list":["post-350","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-adventure-travel","category-culture-and-arts","category-luxury-travel","category-tips-and-advice","tag-culture"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cubaprivatetravel.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/350","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cubaprivatetravel.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cubaprivatetravel.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cubaprivatetravel.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cubaprivatetravel.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=350"}],"version-history":[{"count":21,"href":"https:\/\/www.cubaprivatetravel.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/350\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3152,"href":"https:\/\/www.cubaprivatetravel.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/350\/revisions\/3152"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cubaprivatetravel.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=350"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cubaprivatetravel.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=350"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cubaprivatetravel.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=350"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}